List of Abbreviations and their Expansion | CBSE Class 12 Biology

📘 Biology Abbreviations – Class XII

🌸 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• PMC: Pollen Mother Cell
• MMC: Megaspore Mother Cell
• PEN: Primary Endosperm Nucleus
• PEC: Primary Endosperm Cell

🧠 Human Reproduction

• GnRH: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
• LH: Luteinising Hormone
• FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• hPL: Human placental lactogen
• hCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin

🏥 Reproductive Health

• STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• RCH: Reproductive and Child Health Care
• MMR: Maternal Mortality Rate
• IMR: Infant Mortality Rate
• IUDs: Intra Uterine Devices
• MTP: Medical Termination of Pregnancy
• VD: Venereal Diseases
• RTI: Reproductive Tract Infection
• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency virus
• PID: Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
• ART: Assisted Reproductive Technologies
• IVF: In vitro Fertilization
• ZIFT: Zygote intra fallopian transfer
• IUT: Intra Uterine transfer
• GIFT: Gamete intra fallopian transfer
• ICSI: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
• AI: Artificial Insemination
• IUI: Intra uterine insemination
• ET: Embryo Transfer
• CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute

🧬 Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• NHC Protein: Non-histone Chromosomal proteins
• mRNA: Messenger RNA
• tRNA: Transfer RNA
• rRNA: Ribosomal RNA
• sn RNAs: Small nuclear RNAs
• hn RNAs: Heterogenous nuclear RNA
• UTR: Untranslated Regions
• HGP: Human Genome Project
• ESTs: Expressed Sequence Tags
• BAC: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes
• YAC: Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
• SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
• VNTR: Variable Number of Tandem Repeats

🧫 Human Health and Disease

• PMNL: Polymorpho nuclear leucocytes
• CMI: Cell mediated immunity
• MALT: Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
• AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay
• NACO: National AIDS Control Organisation
• MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• CT: Computed Tomography

🌾 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

• MOET: Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
• SCP: Single Cell Protein

🦠 Microbes in Human Welfare

• LAB: Lactic Acid Bacteria
• BOD: Biochemical/Biological Oxygen Demand
• IARI: Indian Agricultural Research Institute
• KVIC: Khadi and Village Industries Commission

🧪 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

• EFB: European Federation of Biotechnology
• RE: Restriction Enzymes
• PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction

🌱 Biotechnology and Its Applications

• RNAi: RNA interference
• GMO: Genetically Modified Organism
• Bt: Bacillus thuringiensis
• ADA: Adenosine deaminase deficiency
• cDNA: Complementary DNA
• GEAC: Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

🌍 Ecosystem

• GPP: Gross Primary Productivity
• NPP: Net Primary Productivity
• GFC: Grazing Food Chain
• DFC: Detritus Food Chain

🌳 Environmental Issues

• CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board
• DU: Dobson Unit
• CFCs: Chlorofluorocarbons
• JFM: Joint Forest Management